above = choose (5 above 3) - nad (5 nad 3)
absolute value - absolutni hodnota
acute angle - ostry uhel
acute triangle - ostrouhly trojuhelnik
add - scitat
addition - scitani
adjacent sides - sousedni strany
algebraic conjugate - prostor funkcionalu
algebraic equation - algebraicka rovnice
angle - uhel
angle bracket - uhlova zavorka <>
angular momentum - moment hybnosti
annular - pridavne jmeno od annulus
annulus (pl. annuli) - mezikruzi
approximation - priblizeni, priblizna hodnota
arc - (kruhovy) oblouk
asymptote - asymptota
axis (pl. axes) - osa
base - zakladna, zaklad logaritmu, zasada (opak kyseliny)
basis (pl. bases) - baze
bijection = bijective function = one-to-one correspondence = injective and surjective function - funkce prosta a na
boundary - hranice
bounded - omezeny
bounded below - omezeny zdola
bounded above - omezeny shora
brace - slozena zavorka {}
bracket - zavorka (vetsinou hranata [])
Cartesian coordinate system - kartezska soustava souradnic
Cartesian product - kartezsky soucin
case - pripad
catenary - retezovka (graf funkce cosh)
center of mass = center of gravity = barycenter - teziste
centripetal force - dostrediva sila
chain rule - veta o derivaci slozene funkce
choose (5 choose 3) - nad (5 nad 3) = combinations of 5 objects 3 at a time
chord - tetiva
circle - kruznice, kruh
circumference - obvod kruhu
circumradius - polomer kruznice opsane
cissoid=a curve having a cusp at the origin & a point of inflexion at infinity
closed - uzavreny
closure - uzaver
cofactor - algebraicky doplnek (subdeterminant * (-1)^(i+j))
cofactor expansion of the determinant along column j (row i) - rozvoj determinantu podle sloupce j (radku i)
column - sloupec (matice)
compass - kruzitko
complement - doplnek
complex conjugate - komplexne sdruzene cislo
concave - konkavni
condition - podminka
cone - kuzel
conic section - kuzelosecka
conjecture - domnenka
connected set - souvisla mnozina
continuous - spojity, souvisly
contour line - vrstevnice
convex - konvexni
coordinate - souradnice
countable - spocetny
cross product - vektorovy soucin
cube - treti mocnina, krychle
cube root - treti odmocnina
cuboid - kvadr
curly bracket - slozena zavorka {}
curve - krivka
curvilinear - krivocary
cusp = a point where 2 branches of a curve meet, end, and are tangent
definite integral - urcity integral
derivation - odvozeni
derivative - derivace
derive - odvodit
determinant - determinant
diagonal - uhlopricka
diameter - prumer
difference - rozdil
difference equation - diferencni rovnice
differential - diferencial
differential equation - diferencialni rovnice
differentiate - derivovat
digit - cislice
divide - delit
division - deleni
domain - 1. definicni obor; 2. oblast (open connected set)
dot product = Euclidean inner product - skalarni soucin
element - prvek
ellipse - elipsa
ellipsis - vypustka, vynechani
ellipsoid - elipsoid
empty set - prazdna mnozina
equality - rovnost
equals sign - rovnitko
equation - rovnice
equilateral - rovnostranny
equilateral triangle - rovnostranny trojuhelnik
equivalence class - trida ekvivalence
exact differential = total differential
existence problem - otazka existence
expression - vyraz
extremum (pl. extrema) - extrem
family - trida
finite - konecny
fit - prolozeni
flywheel - setrvacnik
focus (pl. foci ) - ohnisko
fraction - zlomek
Gaussian elimination - Gaussova eliminace
guessing method - metoda odhadu
googol = 10^100 (jednicka a sto nul)
half-line = ray - poloprimka
hatching - srafovani
helix - sroubovice
hemisphere - polokoule
hexahedron - sestisten
homogeneous - homogenni
hyperbola - hyperbola
hypotenuse - prepona
iff = if and only if - prave tehdy kdyz
indefinite integral - neurcity integral
indeterminate form - neurcity vyraz (napr. 0/0)
inequality - nerovnost
inequation - nerovnice
infinite - nekonecny
infinity - nekonecno
inhomogeneous = non-homogeneous - nehomogenni
injection = injective function - prosta funkce
inradius - polomer kruznice vepsane
integration by parts - integrovani per partes
interior - vnitrek
intersection - prunik
inverse (matrix) - inverzni matice
inverse function - inverzni funkce
invertible function - prosta funkce
isosceles trapezoid - rovnoramenny lichobeznik
isosceles triangle - rovnoramenny trojuhelnik
lamina - rovinny obrazec
least square method - metoda nejmensich ctvercu
leg - odvesna (trojuhelniku)
line - primka
linear hull = linear span - linearni obal
linear space - linearni prostor
linear span = linear hull - linearni obal
magnitude - velikost
manifold - varieta
matrix (pl. matrices) - matice
median - teznice (trojuhelniku)
method of undetermined coefficients(=guessing method) - metoda neurcitych koeficientu
method of variation of parameters - metoda variace konstant
moment of inertia - moment setrvacnosti
momentum - hybnost (soucin hmotnosti a rychlosti)
monkey saddle - z=x^3-3xy^2
monotone function - monotonni funkce
monotone sequence - monotonni posloupnost
monotonic = monotone
multiplication - nasobeni
multiply - nasobit
necessary - nutny
neighborhood (BR neighbourhood) - okoli
nonempty set - neprazdna mnozina
non-homogeneous = inhomogeneous - nehomogenni
number - cislo
oblong - obdelnikovy
obtuse angle - tupy uhel
obtuse triangle - tupouhly trojuhelnik
of the first kind - prvniho druhu
of the second kind - druheho druhu
one-to-one function - prosta funkce
open - otevreny
opposite sides - protejsi strany
ordinary differential equation - obycejna diferencialni rovnice
ordinate - odvesna
origin - pocatek
over - lomeno
parabola - parabola
parallel - rovnobezny
parallelepiped - rovnobeznosten
parallelogram - rovnobeznik
parenthesis (pl. parentheses) - kulata zavorka ()
partial derivative - parcialni derivace
partial differential equation - parcialni diferencialni rovnice
path - cesta
path-independent - nezavisly na ceste
perimeter - obvod (1. hranice; 2. jeji delka)
periphery - obvod
perpendicular (=orthogonal) - kolmy
plane - rovina
plane figure - rovinny obrazec
point - bod
polygon - mnohouhelnik
polyhedron - mnohosten
polynomial - polynom=mnohoclen
polytope - polytop (zobecneni pojmu mnohouhelnik a mnohosten)
power - mocnina
prime - prvocislo
prism - hranol
proof - dukaz
proper subset - vlastni podmnozina
proper subspace - vlastni podprostor
prove - dokazat
pyramid - jehlan
quadrangle = tetragon = quadrilateral - ctyruhelnik
quadrilateral = tetragon = quadrangle - ctyruhelnik
radius - polomer
random - nahodny
randomize - ucinit nahodnym
range - obor hodnot
rank - hodnost
ray = half-line - poloprimka
rectangle - obdelnik
rectangle rule - obdelnikove pravidlo (pro numerickou integraci)
rectangular - obdelnikovy
rectilinear - primocary
reduce (to lowest terms) - kratit zlomek
refractory = a momentary state of reduced irritability following a response
regular matrix = nonsingular matrix - regularni matice
regular polygon - pravidelny mnohouhelnik
resultant - vyslednice
rhombus = diamond - kosoctverec
right angle - pravy uhel
right triangle - pravouhly trojuhelnik
root - odmocnina
round bracket = parenthesis - kulata zavorka ()
row - radek (matice)
saddle - sedlo
scalene - obecny trojuhelnik
secant - secna
sector = a circle wedge - (kruhova) vysec
segment - usecka
semi-axis - poloosa (elipsy)
semicircle - polokruh
semimajor axis - hlavni poloosa (elipsy)
semiminor axis - vedlejsi poloosa (elipsy)
separation of variables - separace promennych
sequence - posloupnost
series (sg) - rada (= a summation of the terms in a sequence)
set -  mnozina
singleton - jednoprvkova mnozina
sketch - nacrtek, nacrtnout
slope (symbol m) - smernice primky (v cestine symbol k)
slope field - smerove pole
smooth - hladky
solid - teleso
solid line - plna cara
solution - reseni
solve - (vy)resit
speed - rychlost (skalar)
square - druha mocnina, ctverec
square bracket - hranata zavorka []
square root - druha odmocnina
straight angle - primi uhel (180 stupnu)
straight line - primka
strict inequality - ostra nerovnost
subset -  podmnozina
subspace - podprostor
subtract - odcitat
subtraction - odcitani
sufficient - dostatecny
sum - soucet
surd - iracionalni cislo
surjection = surjective function = onto - funkce na
tangent - tecna
tetragon = quadrilateral = quadrangle - ctyruhelnik
the greatest lower bound - infimum
the least upper bound - supremum
theorem - veta
times - krat
torque - moment sily
total differential - totalni diferencial
trace - stopa (matice)
transpose (matrix) - transponovana matice
trapezium - obecny ctyruhelnik
trapezoid - lichobeznik
trapezoidal rule - lichobeznikove pravidlo (pro numerickou integraci)
triangle - trojuhelnik
union - sjednoceni
uniqueness problem - otazka jednoznacnosti
value - hodnota
variation of constants = variation of parameters - variace konstant
vector - vektor
velocity - vektor rychlosti
vertex (pl. vertices) - vrchol
vortex (pl. vortices) - vir
word problem - slovni uloha
x-intercept - prusecik s osou x
y-intercept - prusecik s osou y
zero - nula

updated April 12, 2010

-- 
Pavel Pokorny
Math Dept, Prague Institute of Chemical Technology
http://www.vscht.cz/mat/Pavel.Pokorny